Automated position control of tunnel boring machine during excavation using deep reinforcement learning considering spatial-temporal dynamics

Penghui Lin a 1, Ankang Ji b 1, Yunxiang Zhou a, Limao Zhang c, Robert L.K. Tiong a

a School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
b Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
c School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, National Center of Technology Innovation for Digital Construction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

Received 9 January 2024, Revised 6 June 2024, Accepted 3 September 2024, Available online 14 September 2024.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568494624010081