Geological identification using shield tunneling parameters based on four unsupervised clustering methods

Wei-bin Chen a b c d, Chengyu Hong a b c d, Yan Guo a b c d, Haijun Wang e, Xiangsheng Chen a b c d, Xiaojie Xue e, Shuhua Huang f

a College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China

b Underground Polis of Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China

c Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green, Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station, Shenzhen 518060 Guangdong, China

d Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities (Shenzhen University), MOE, China

e China Railway 14th Bureau Group Corporation Limited, China

f Guangzhou Expresssway Corporation Limited, China

Received 28 November 2024, Revised 16 April 2025, Accepted 5 May 2025, Available online 13 May 2025, Version of Record 13 May 2025.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0886779825003700