This academic paper is from 1977 but still so relevant I think.
Subsidence above Shallow Tunnels in Soft Ground
Authors
John H. Atkinson
Lect. in Civ. and Struct. Engrg., University Coli., Cardiff, Wales; formerly, Sr. Asst. in Research, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, England
David M. Potts
Shell Exploration and Production Lab., Rijswijk, The Netherlands; formerly, Research Student, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, England
cover tunnel photo by: Matt Brown from London, England / CC BY
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https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000402
Subsidence above Shallow Tunnels in Soft Ground | Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division | Vol 103, No 4
ascelibrary.orgAs a soft ground tunnel is advanced the support provided by soil excavated from the he ading mu st be replaced by altered stresses in the soil around the tunnel together with the loads in a tempora...