A New Zealand Geotechnical Society Symposium paper. I believe you will find it interesting. Open Access article. No paywall.
Pre-excavation grouting for groundwater ingress control in tunnelling – Auckland, New Zealand
This paper outlines the unique challenges and design for dealing with high groundwater inflow in the East Coast Bays Formation, the construction methodology used in a segmental lined tunnel and efficacy of the pre excavation grouting used where necessary in some of the cross passages. An effective seal was achieved through the pre-excavation permeation grouting.
https://www.nzgs.org/libraries/nzgs20_mccarrison/
cover tunnel photo by: Matt Brown from London, England / CC BY
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https://www.nzgs.org/libraries/nzgs20_mccarrison/
Pre-excavation grouting for groundwater ingress control in tunnelling – Auckland, New Zealand. - New Zealand Geotechnical Society
www.nzgs.orgAbstract Water ingress into a mined tunnel can be an issue – not just for construction but also for depressurisation…