There is a new book released titled 'Life-Cycle of Structures and Infrastructure Systems' with an interesting chapter;
Life-cycle assessment of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) segments of a new tunnel: Carbonation attack and sulfate attack
cover tunnel photo by: Matt Brown from London, England / CC BY
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https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.1201/9781003323020-330/life-cycle-assessment-tunnel-boring-machine-tbm-segments-new-tunnel-carbonation-attack-sulfate-attack-torabian-vangelisti-beltrami
Life-cycle assessment of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) segments
www.taylorfrancis.comThe life cycle of TBM segments of a new tunnel were assessed considering two main
degradations for the side exposed to ambient air and for the side